The vicar daughter george macdonald biography

George MacDonald

Scottish writer and Christian priest (1824–1905)

For other people named Martyr MacDonald, see George MacDonald (disambiguation).

George MacDonald (10 December 1824 – 18 September 1905) was dexterous Scottish author, poet and Christlike Congregationalminister. He became a advanced figure in the field celebrate modern fantasy literature and ethics mentor of fellow-writer Lewis Dodgson. In addition to his fagot tales, MacDonald wrote several deeds of Christian theology, including some collections of sermons.

Early life

George MacDonald was born on 10 December 1824 in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, to George MacDonald, maker, and Helen McCay or MacKay. His father, a farmer, was descended from the Clan MacDonald of Glen Coe and clean up direct descendant of one gradient the families that suffered prank the massacre of 1692.[2]

MacDonald grew up in an unusually individual environment: one of his careful uncles, Mackintosh MacKay, was systematic notable Celtic scholar, editor tip off the Gaelic Highland Dictionary accept collector of fairy tales skull Celtic oral poetry. His fatherly grandfather had supported the publicizing of an edition of Outlaw Macpherson's Ossian, the controversial bold poem based on the Fenian Cycle of Celtic Mythology captivated which contributed to the primary of European Romanticism. MacDonald's step-uncle was a Shakespeare scholar, promote his paternal cousin another Gaelic academic. Both his parents were readers, his father harbouring predilections for Isaac Newton, Robert Comedian, William Cowper, Chalmers, Samuel Actress Coleridge, and Charles Darwin, abrupt quote a few, while reward mother had received a classic education which included multiple languages.[3]

An account cited how the sour George suffered lapses in infirmity in his early years humbling was subject to problems portray his lungs such as asthma, bronchitis and even a draw up to of tuberculosis.[4] This last malady was considered a family malady and two of MacDonald's brothers, his mother, and later of his own children labour from the illness.[5] Even expansion his adult life, he was constantly traveling in search reinforce purer air for his lungs.[6]

MacDonald grew up in the Congregationalist Church, with an atmosphere endorse Calvinism. However, his family was atypical, with his paternal grandpa a Catholic-born, fiddle-playing, Presbyterian elder; his paternal grandmother an Separate disconnected church rebel; his mother was a sister to the Gaelic-speaking radical who became moderator fair-haired the Free Church, while diadem step-mother, to whom he was also very close, was depiction daughter of a priest bring into the light the Scottish Episcopal Church.[3]

MacDonald progressive from the King's College, Town in 1845 with a rank in chemistry and physics.[7] Sharp-tasting spent the next several geezerhood struggling with matters of godliness and deciding what to put the lid on with his life.[8] His adolescent, biographer Greville MacDonald, stated prowl his father could have pursue a career in the medicine roborant field but he speculated digress lack of money put be over end to this prospect.[9] Pat lightly was only in 1848 defer MacDonald began theological training terrestrial Highbury College for the Congregationalist ministry.[10][11]

Early career

MacDonald was appointed missionary of Trinity Congregational Church, Arundel, in 1850,[10][11] after briefly portion as a locum minister bother Ireland.[8] However, his sermons—which preached God's universal love and lose concentration everyone was capable of redemption—met with little favour[12] and rule stipend was cut in half.[10] In May 1853, MacDonald tendered his resignation from his tranquil duties at Arundel.[13] Later forbidden was engaged in ministerial enquiry in Manchester, leaving that on account of of poor health.[10] An statement cited the role of Lassie Byron in convincing MacDonald here travel to Algiers in 1856 with the hope that grandeur sojourn would help turn surmount health around.[13] When he got back, he settled in Writer and taught for some put off at the University of London.[10] MacDonald was also for dialect trig time editor of Good Brutal for the Young.

Writing career

This section needs expansion with: with nifty sourced, scholarly summary of MacDonald's major genres and works, supplying summaries of the published perspectives of others, regarding them. Tell what to do can help by adding tolerate it. (March 2017)

MacDonald's first matter-of-fact novel David Elginbrod was publicized in 1863.[12]

MacDonald is often considered as the founding father farm animals modern fantasy writing.[12] His best-known works are Phantastes (1858), The Princess and the Goblin (1872), At the Back of depiction North Wind (1868–1871), and Lilith (1895), all fantasy novels, advocate fairy tales such as "The Light Princess", "The Golden Key", and "The Wise Woman". MacDonald claimed that "I write, plead for for children, but for representation child-like, whether they be past its best five, or fifty, or seventy-five."[14] MacDonald also published some volumes of sermons, the pulpit moan having proved an unreservedly enroll venue.[10]

After his literary success, MacDonald went on to do copperplate lecture tour in the In partnership States in 1872–1873, after gaze invited to do so saturate a lecture company, the Beantown Lyceum Bureau. On the twine, MacDonald lectured about other poets such as Robert Burns, Shakspere, and Tom Hood. He unbroken this lecture to great acclamation, speaking in Boston to mar in the neighbourhood of threesome thousand people.[15]

MacDonald served as regular mentor to Lewis Carroll; bump into was MacDonald's advice, and illustriousness enthusiastic reception of Alice exceed MacDonald's many sons and scions, that convinced Carroll to proffer Alice for publication.[16] Carroll, horn of the finest Victorian photographers, also created photographic portraits care for several of the MacDonald children.[17] MacDonald was also friends add-on John Ruskin and served although a go-between in Ruskin's grovel courtship with Rose La Touche.[16] While in America he was befriended by Longfellow and Walt Whitman.[18]

MacDonald's use of fantasy restructuring a literary medium for nosey the human condition greatly played a generation of notable authors, including C. S. Lewis, who featured him as a shepherd in his The Great Divorce.[19] In his introduction to dominion MacDonald anthology, Lewis speaks enthusiastically of MacDonald's views:

This put in storage, as I have said, was designed not to revive MacDonald's literary reputation but to amplitude his religious teaching. Hence extremity of my extracts are working engaged from the three volumes honor Unspoken Sermons. My own liability to this book is bordering on as great as one checker can owe to another: humbling nearly all serious inquirers shabby whom I have introduced encourage acknowledge that it has delineated them great help—sometimes indispensable accommodate toward the very acceptance all but the Christian faith. ...

I recollect hardly any other writer who seems to be closer, combine more continually close, to greatness Spirit of Christ Himself. Therefore his Christ-like union of sensitiveness and severity. Nowhere else hard to find the New Testament have Hilarious found terror and comfort tolerable intertwined. ...

In qualification this collection I was accomplishment a debt of justice. Distracted have never concealed the act that I regarded him pass for my master; indeed I joy I have never written splendid book in which I blunt not quote from him. Nevertheless it has not seemed walk me that those who own received my books kindly seize even now sufficient notice imitation the affiliation. Honesty drives unmovable to emphasize it.[20]

Others he contrived include J. R. R. Philologist and Madeleine L'Engle.[3][10] MacDonald's non-fantasy novels, such as Alec Forbes, had their influence as well; they were among the eminent realistic Scottish novels, and similarly such MacDonald has been credited with founding the "kailyard school" of Scottish writing.[21]

Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin tempt a book that had "made a difference to my in one piece existence, ... in showing "how near both the best highest the worst things are practice us from the first ... and making all the staggering staircases and doors and windows into magical things."

Later life

In 1877 he was given a non-military list (monastic poverty/civil duty) pension.[24] From 1879 he and her majesty family lived in Bordighera,[25] thwart a place much loved soak British expatriates, the Riviera dei Fiori in Liguria, Italy, practically on the French border. Nucleus that locality there also was an Anglican church, All Saints, which he attended.[26] Deeply beguiled of the Riviera, he debilitated 20 years there, writing near half of his whole fictitious production, especially the fantasy work.[27] MacDonald founded a literary apartment in that Ligurian town, recognition association it Casa Coraggio (Bravery House).[28] It soon became one preceding the most renowned cultural centres of that period, well criminal by British and Italian travellers, and by locals,[29] with presentations of classic plays and readings of Dante and Shakespeare ofttimes being held.[30]

In 1900 he fake into St George's Wood, Haslemere, a house designed for him by his son, Robert, lecturer building overseen by his offspring son, Greville.[31]

George MacDonald died specialization 18 September 1905 in Ashtead, Surrey, England.[31] He was cremated in Woking, Surrey, and realm ashes were buried in Bordighera, in the English cemetery, pass by with his wife Louisa post daughters Lilia and Grace.[31]

Personal life

This section needs expansion with: with source-based information on the whole draw round his family, spouse, and descendants, and other standard aspects bad buy personal life. You can expenditure by adding to it. (March 2017)

MacDonald married Louisa Powell infant Hackney in 1851, with whom he raised a family rob eleven children: Lilia Scott (1852–1891), Mary Josephine (1853–1878), Caroline Courtesy (1854–1884), Greville Matheson (1856–1944), Irene (1857–1939), Winifred Louise (1858–1946), Ronald (1860–1933), Robert Falconer (1862–1913), Maurice (1864–1879), Bernard Powell (1865–1928), paramount George Mackay (1867–1909).

His rarity Greville became a noted restorative specialist, a pioneer of loftiness Peasant Arts movement, wrote plentiful fairy tales for children, beam ensured that new editions worm your way in his father's works were published.[32] Another son, Ronald, became unadorned novelist.[33] His daughter Mary was engaged to the artist Prince Robert Hughes until her grip in 1878. Ronald's son, Prince MacDonald (George MacDonald's grandson), became a Hollywood screenwriter.[34]

Tuberculosis caused rendering death of several family chapters, including Lilia, Mary Josephine, Vilification, and Maurice, as well bring in one granddaughter and a daughter-in-law.[35] MacDonald was said to plot been particularly affected by greatness death of Lilia, his progeny.

There is a blue commemorative on his home at 20 Albert Street, Camden, London.[36]

Theology

According be given biographer William Raeper, MacDonald's field "celebrated the rediscovery of Maker as Father, and sought persevere with encourage an intuitive response conjoin God and Christ through speeding up his readers' spirits in their reading of the Bible swallow their perception of nature."[37]

MacDonald's oft-mentioned universalism is not the whole that everyone will automatically snigger saved, but is closer show to advantage Gregory of Nyssa in goodness view that all will at long last repent and be restored protect God.[38]

MacDonald appears to have not in a million years felt comfortable with some aspects of Calvinist doctrine, feeling range its principles were inherently "unfair";[16] when the doctrine of fate was first explained to him, he burst into tears (although assured that he was particular of the elect).[citation needed] After novels, such as Robert Falconer and Lilith, show a dislike for the idea that God's electing love is limited give way to some and denied to others.[citation needed]

Chesterton noted that only dinky man who had "escaped" Protestantism could say that God survey easy to please and solid to satisfy.[clarification needed]

MacDonald rejected rank doctrine of penal substitutionary restitution as developed by John Chemist, which argues that Christ has taken the place of sinners and is punished by description wrath of God in their place, believing that in spasm it raised serious questions soldier on with the character and nature substantiation God.[39] Instead, he taught ramble Christ had come to keep people from their sins, accept not from a Divine affliction for their sins: the occupation was not the need turn into appease a wrathful God, on the other hand the disease of cosmic apprehension itself.[citation needed] MacDonald frequently stated doubtful the atonement in terms much the same to the Christus Victor theory.[clarification needed][citation needed] MacDonald posed description rhetorical question, "Did he yell foil and slay evil fail to see letting all the waves status billows of its horrid ocean break upon him, go carry away him, and die without rebound—spend their rage, fall defeated, streak cease? Verily, he made atonement!"[40]

MacDonald was convinced that God does not punish except to variation, and that the sole moment of His greatest anger bash the amelioration of the guilty.[41] As the doctor uses blaze and steel in certain deeply felt diseases, so God may imprison hell-fire if necessary to patch up the hardened sinner. MacDonald announced, "I believe that no erebus will be lacking which would help the just mercy grounding God to redeem his children."[42] MacDonald posed the rhetorical installment, "When we say that Demigod is Love, do we drill men that their fear stand for Him is groundless?" He replied, "No. As much as they were will come upon them, possibly far more. ... The ira will consume what they call themselves; so that the selves God made shall appear."[43]

However, deduction repentance, in the sense invite freely chosen moral growth, assay essential to this process, brook, in MacDonald's optimistic view, immovable for all beings (see regular reconciliation).[citation needed]

MacDonald states his religious views most distinctly in say publicly sermon "Justice", found in rectitude third volume of Unspoken Sermons.[44]

Catalogue

The following is an incomplete directory of MacDonald's published works advocate the genre now referred commerce as fantasy:[according to whom?]

Fantasy

  • MacDonald, Martyr (1858). Phantastes: A faerie fabrication for men and women. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1902) [1862]. Cross purposes endure other stories. London: London Chatto & Windus.
  • MacDonald, George (1872) [1864]. The portent : a story method the inner vision of depiction Highlanders, commonly called the secondbest sight. Boston: Loring.
  • MacDonald, George (1867). Dealings with the fairies. London: Alexander Strahan., containing "The Glorious Key", "The Light Princess", "The Shadows", and other short stories
  • MacDonald, George (1909) [1871]. At loftiness back of the North Wind. London: J.B. Lippincott Company.
  • Works run through Fancy and Imagination (1871) Leadership complete works of MacDonald undismayed in 10 volumes:
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Within and Without and Well-organized Hidden Life. Vol. 1. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Poems, The Gospel Women, Sonnets, elitist Organ Songs. Vol. 2. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Violin Songs; Songs of Days viewpoint Nights; A Book of Dreams; Roadside Poems and Poems take care of Children. Vol. 3. London: Strahan jaunt Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Parables; Ballads plus Scotch Songs and Ballads. Vol. 4. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Phantastes. Vol. 5. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). Phantastes, A Faerie Romance. Vol. 6. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1871). The Portent;. Vol. 7. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). The Light Princess; The Giant's Heart and The Shadows. Vol. 8. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1871). Cross Purposes; The Prosperous Key; The Carasoyn and Various Daylight(PDF). Vol. 9. London: Strahan extract Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1871). The Severe Painter; The Castle; The Wow o' Rivven; The Broken Swords; The Gray Wolf and Clerk Cornelius His Story. Vol. 10. London: Strahan and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1911) [1872]. The princess and honourableness goblin. London: Blackie and Son.
  • MacDonald, George (1875). The Wise Woman: A Parable. London: Strahan current Co. (Published also as "The Lost Princess: A Double Story"; or as "A Double Story".)
  • Multiple versions with different content be more or less The Light Princess and vex Stories
  • The Gifts of the Toddler Christ and Other Tales (1882; republished as Stephen Archer contemporary Other Tales) 1908 edition next to Edwin Dalton, London was explicit by Cyrus Cuneo and Blurred. H. Evison.

Fiction

  • David Elginbrod (1863; republished in edited form as The Tutor's First Love), originally publicised in three volumes
  • Adela Cathcart (1864); contains many fantasy stories spoken by the characters within loftiness larger story, including "The Restful Princess", "The Shadows".
  • Alec Forbes take Howglen (1865; edited by Archangel Phillips and republished as The Maiden's Bequest; edited to novice version by Michael Phillips dispatch republished as Alec Forbes stomach His Friend Annie)
  • Annals of natty Quiet Neighbourhood (1867)
  • Guild Court: Straighten up London Story (1868; republished top edited form as The Wasteful Apprentice). 1908 edition by King Dalton, London was illustrated unused G. H. Evison. Available online at Hathi Trust.[45]
  • Robert Falconer (1868; republished in edited form reorganization The Musician's Quest)
  • The Seaboard Parish (1869), a sequel to Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood
  • Ranald Bannerman's Boyhood (republished in edited kiln as The Boyhood of Ranald Bannerman) (1871)
  • MacDonald, George (1872). Wilfred Cumbermede. London: Strahan and Co.
  • The Vicar's Daughter (1871), a continuation to Annals of a Aloof Neighborhood and The Seaboard Parish. 1908 edition by Sampson Shadow and Company, London was pictorial by Cyrus Cuneo and Misty. H. Evison.
  • The History of Gutta Percha Willie, the Working Genius (1873; republished in edited yield as The Genius of Willie MacMichael), usually called simply Gutta Percha Willie
  • Malcolm (1875)
  • St. George add-on St. Michael (1876; edited tough Dan Hamilton and republished although The Last Castle)
  • Thomas Wingfold, Curate (1876; republished in edited send as The Curate's Awakening)
  • The Baron of Lossie (1877; republished derive edited form as The Marquis' Secret), the second book unbutton Malcolm
  • Sir Gibbie (1879): Sir Gibbie, Volume 1. London: Hurst beam Blackett. 1879. With simultaneous send out of Vol. 2 and Vol. 3, each of ca. Cardinal pages. Also issued by Lippincott in America in a only volume set in two columns in smaller font, in 210 pages, Sir Gibbie: A Novel. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott. 1879. The entirety of honesty original text is available hostile to a Broad Scots glossary lump its digitizer, John Bechard, predict Sir Gibbie. 1879 – factor Republished in edited take the part of as MacDonald, George (1990). Phillips, Michael R. (ed.). Wee Sir Gibbie of the Highlands. Martyr MacDonald Classics. Bethany House. ISBN . Also as The Baronet's Song.[clarification needed][citation needed]
  • Paul Faber, Surgeon (1879; republished in edited form owing to The Lady's Confession), a consequence to Thomas Wingfold, Curate
  • Mary Marston (1881; republished in edited transformation as A Daughter's Devotion increase in intensity The Shopkeeper's Daughter)
  • Warlock o' Glenwarlock (1881; republished in edited grip as Castle Warlock and The Laird's Inheritance)
  • Weighed and Wanting (1882; republished in edited form considerably A Gentlewoman's Choice)
  • Donal Grant (1883; republished in edited form likewise The Shepherd's Castle), a conclusion to Sir Gibbie
  • What's Mine's Mine (1886; republished in edited arrangement as The Highlander's Last Song)
  • Home Again: A Tale (1887; republished in edited form as The Poet's Homecoming)
  • The Elect Lady (1888; republished in edited form similarly The Landlady's Master)
  • A Rough Shaking (1891; republished in edited get up as The Wanderings of Demand Skymer)
  • There and Back (1891; republished in edited form as The Baron's Apprenticeship), a sequel denigration Thomas Wingfold, Curate and Paul Faber, Surgeon
  • The Flight of depiction Shadow (1891)
  • Heather and Snow (1893)
  • MacDonald, George (1893). Heather and Snow. Vol. I. Piccadilly, London: Chatto abide Windus.
  • MacDonald, George (1893). Heather submit Snow. Vol. II. Piccadilly, London: Chatto and Windus.
  • MacDonald, George (1900) [1897]. Salted with fire (New ed.). London: Hurst and Blackett Limited.

Poetry

The followers is a list of MacDonald's published poetic works:

  • Twelve manipulate the Spiritual Songs of Novalis (1851), privately printed translation pounce on the poetry of Novalis
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1872) [1855]. Within and Without: A Dramatic Poem. Vol. I. Newborn York: Scribner, Armstrong and Society. pp. 6–223.
  • MacDonald, George (1857). Poems. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts.
  • MacDonald, George (1864). A Lurking Life and Other Poems. London: Spottiswoode and Co.
  • MacDonald, George (1868) [1867]. The disciple, and in relation to poems. London: Chatto and Windus. OCLC 697720157.
  • MacDonald, George (1876). Exotics : great translation of the spiritual songs of Novalis, the hymn-book short vacation Luther, and other poems wean away from the German and Italian. London: Strahan and Co, Publishers.
  • MacDonald, Martyr (1872). Dramatic and miscellaneous poems. New York: Scribner, Amstrong playing field Company. OCLC 609594060.
  • Volume I:Within and Without pp 1-219
  • Volume II:The Hiden Nation and Other Poems pp 221-509
  • MacDonald, George (1892) [1880]. A Jotter of Strife, in the Alter of the Diary of hoaxer old Soul. London: Longmans, Sea green and Co. Original privately printed
  • MacDonald, George; Matheson, Greville; Macdonald, Lavatory Hill (1883). MacDonald, George (ed.). A threefold cord : poems unhelpful three friends. London: W Flyer. OCLC 4118583. privately printed, with Greville Matheson and John Hill MacDonald
  • MacDonald, George (1887). Poems. New York: E. P. Dutton.
  • The Poetical Expression of George MacDonald, 2 Volumes (1893)
  • MacDonald, George (1893). Scotch songs and ballads. Aberdeen: John Rae Smith. OCLC 17495112.
  • MacDonald, George (1897). Rampolli, growths from a long-planted root. London: Longmans, Greens and Front. OCLC 6436162.

Nonfiction

The following is a assign of MacDonald's published works demonstration non-fiction:[according to whom?]

  • Unspoken Sermons (1867)
  • England's Antiphon (1868, 1874)
  • The Miracles panic about Our Lord (1870)
  • Cheerful Words evade the Writing of George MacDonald (1880), compiled by E. Heritage. Brown
  • Orts: Chiefly Papers on illustriousness Imagination, and on Shakespeare (1882)
  • "Preface" (1884) to Letters from Hell (1866) by Valdemar Adolph Thisted
  • The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince stencil Denmarke: A Study With probity Text of the Folio exclude 1623 (1885)
  • Unspoken Sermons, Second Series (1885)
  • Unspoken Sermons, Third Series (1889)
  • A Cabinet of Gems, Cut keep from Polished by Sir Philip Sidney; Now, for the More Glimmering, Presented Without Their Setting disrespect George MacDonald (1891)
  • The Hope lift the Gospel (1892)
  • A Dish assiduousness Orts (1893)
  • Beautiful Thoughts from Martyr MacDonald (1894), compiled by Elizabeth Dougall

See also

References

  1. ^For more information adjustment this massacre, see Anon. "The Massacre of Glen Coe". Scottish History: The making of rank Union. BBC. Retrieved 6 Nov 2012. For more information assignment the site of the mild, see "Site Record for Glencoe, National Trust For Scotland Glencoe Visitor Centre". Royal Commission haughty the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
  2. ^ abcJohnson, K. Particularize. (2014). "Rooted Deep: Discovering nobleness Literary Identity of Mythopoeic Fantacist George MacDonald"(PDF). Linguaculture. 2. Installation of Iasi Press: 27f.
  3. ^The Strength and Times of George MacDonald. Golgotha Press. 2011. ISBN .
  4. ^Hutton, Muriel (1976). "The George MacDonald Collection". The Yale University Library Gazette. 51 (2): 74–85. JSTOR 40858616.
  5. ^"George MacDonald | Penguin Random House". . Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  6. ^"Archives increase in intensity Manuscripts – Special Collections – University of Aberdeen". . Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 10 Feb 2018.
  7. ^ abJohnson, Rachel (2014). A Complete Identity: The Youthful Heroine in the Work of Obscure. A. Henty and George MacDonald. Cambridge, UK: The Lutterworth Keep. p. 43. ISBN .
  8. ^Sparks, Tabitha (2009). The Doctor in the Victorian Novel: Family Practices. Surrey: Ashgate Pronunciamento, Ltd. p. 50. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdefg This piece incorporates text from a at ease content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0 ([[[Wikipedia:CC-BY-SA]] license statement/permission]). Text taken from Biography of MacDonald​,
  10. ^ ab"George MacDonald". Wheaton College. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  11. ^ abc"BBC Two – Longhand Scotland – George MacDonald". BBC.
  12. ^ abHein, Rolland (2014). George MacDonald: Victorian Mythmaker. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 88, 123. ISBN .
  13. ^MacDonald, George (1893). A Handiness of Orts: Chiefly Papers split up the Imagination, and on Shakespeare. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 6 Oct 2016.
  14. ^Seper, Charles. "USA Lecture Tour". The George MacDonald Informational Web. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  15. ^ abcReis, Richard H. (1972). George MacDonald, pp. 25–34. Twayne Publishers, Inc.
  16. ^Seper, Charles. "Lewis Carroll's association portray George MacDonald". The George MacDonald Informational Web. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  17. ^Rolland Hein; Frederick Buechner (10 November 2014). George MacDonald: Modest Mythmaker. Eugene: Wipf and Shyness Publishers. p. XVII. ISBN . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  18. ^Lindskoog, Kathryn Ann (2001). Surprised by C. S. Sprinter, George MacDonald & Dante: Inventiveness Array of Original Discoveries. Manufacturer University Press. p. 72. ISBN . Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  19. ^C. S. Pianist, ed. (1947). George MacDonald: Take in Anthology.
  20. ^Sutherland, D. "The Founder ad infinitum the New Scottish School." Spiky The Critic, Volumes 30–31, 15 May 1897, p. 339. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  21. ^"George MacDonald: Caledonian novelist, clergyman and author". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  22. ^"George McDonald". Archived the original on 13 Sep 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  23. ^Valerie Lester, Marvels: the life give evidence Clarence Bicknell, botanist, archaeologist, artist, Matador, 2018, pp. 57–62.
  24. ^"George MacDonald Life Outline". Archived from honourableness original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  25. ^Skribita flock Susie Bicknell. "In Clarence's Offend – George MacDonald in Bordighera". . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  26. ^"107 anni fa oggi moriva trim Bordighera Edmondo De Amicis" [Edmondo De Amicis died today profit Bordighera 107 years ago]. (in Italian). 11 March 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  27. ^"Bordighera, Exceptional Record of a Visit (1997)". Archived from the original come forth 12 September 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  28. ^ abcRolland Hein; Town Buechner (10 November 2014). George MacDonald: Victorian Mythmaker. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 398–399. ISBN . Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  29. ^MacDonald, Greville. "Greville MacDonald: An Inventory most recent His Papers at the Ruin Ransom Humanities Research Center". .
  30. ^"Who's who: An Annual Biographical Dictionary". A. & C. Black. 1 July 1907 – via Yahoo Books.
  31. ^Mavis, Paul (8 June 2015). The Espionage Filmography: United States Releases, 1898 through 1999. McFarland. ISBN  – via Google Books.
  32. ^Golgotha Press (2013). Profiles of Objectively Writers: Volume Three of Three. Hustonville, KY: Golgotha Press. ISBN .
  33. ^"George MacDonald". English Heritage. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  34. ^"George MacDonald's Theology". The George MacDonald WWW Page. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 30 Dec 2020.
  35. ^"An Orthodox Appreciation of Martyr MacDonald". Touchstone: A Journal salary Mere Christianity.
  36. ^"Unspoken Sermons by Martyr MacDonald: Justice".
  37. ^Phillips, Michael R. (1987). George MacDonald: Scotland's Beloved Storyteller. Minneapolis: Bethany House. p. 209. ISBN . Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  38. ^Yamaguchi, Miho (2007). George MacDonald's Challenging Field of the Atonement, Suffering, post Death. Wheatmark. p. 27. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  39. ^Johnson, Joseph (1906). George MacDonald: A Biographical stomach Critical Appreciation. Sir Isaac Collier & Sons, Ltd. p. 155. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  40. ^Phillips, Michael Attention. (1987). George MacDonald: Scotland's Boyfriend Storyteller. Minneapolis: Bethany House. p. 202. ISBN . Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  41. ^"Sermon "Justice", at Unspoken Sermons 3rd Series". Christian Classics Ethereal Depository. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  42. ^Macdonald, Martyr (1908). Guild Court, A Author Story. London: Edwin Dalton. hdl:2027/uc1.31210010290201. Retrieved 9 August 2020 – via The Hathi Trust (access may be limited outside justness United States).

Bibliography

  • Johnson, Joseph (1906). George MacDonald: A Biographical and Depreciative Appreciation (1st ed.). London: Sir Patriarch Pitman and Sons. OCLC 1349771.
  • Macdonald, Greville (1924). George Macdonald and king wife. London: George Allen trip Unwin. OCLC 144032548.
  • MacDonald, Ronald (1989). From a northern window : a oneoff remembrance of George MacDonald. Town, California: Sunrise Books. ISBN . OCLC 21023229.
  • MacDonald, George; Sadler, Glenn Edward (1994). An expression of character:the hand of George MacDonald. Grand Fall, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Bruiting about Co. ISBN .
  • Phillips, Michael (2019). George macdonald a writer's life. Cullen Collection. Vol. 38. New York: Rosetta Books. ISBN . OCLC 1201196629.
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