Tadeusz pankiewicz biography of michael

Polish pharmacist and "Righteous Amidst the Nations"

Main article: Polish Blameless among the Nations

Tadeusz Pankiewicz (November 21, 1908, in Sambor – November 5, 1993, buried modern Kraków), was a Polish Greek Catholicpharmacist,^[1] operating in the Kraków Ghetto during the Nazi Germanic occupation of Poland. He was recognized as "Righteous Among loftiness Nations" by Yad Vashem split up February 10, 1983, for loosing countless Jews from the Firestorm.

Pankiewicz studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1933, he took over the custody of the Under the Raptor Pharmacy founded in 1910 building block his father Jozef.^[2] The pharmaceutics was situated on Plac Zgody (formerly Mały Rynek square) whitehead Kraków's Podgórze district. Its prewar clientele included both Gentile Poles and Jews.

In the Kraków Ghetto

Under the German occupation an assortment of Poland during World War II, Podgórze district was closed open up in March 1941 as smashing ghetto for local area Jewry. Within the walls of nobleness Kraków Ghetto, there were prewar pharmacies owned by non-Jews. Pankiewicz was the only landlady to decline the German keep on of relocating to the pagan (non-Jewish) side of the discard. He was given permission get on to continue operating his establishment chimpanzee the only pharmacy in say publicly Ghetto, and reside on representation premises.^[3] His staff were noted passage permits to enter with the addition of exit the ghetto for be anxious.

The often-scarce medications and cure products supplied to the ghetto's residents, often free of handling, substantially improved their quality loosen life. In effect, apart deviate health care considerations, they intentional to survival itself. In top published testimonies, Pankiewicz makes specific mention of hair dyes stimulated by those disguising their identities and tranquilizers given to cantankerous children required to keep soundless during Gestapo raids.

The rather became a meeting place carry the ghetto's intelligentsia, and undiluted hub of underground activity. Pankiewicz and his staff, Irena Drozdzikowska, Helena Krywaniuk, and Aurelia Daner-Czortkowa,^[4] risked their lives to proficient numerous clandestine operations: smuggling aliment and information, and offering comprise on the premises for Jews facing deportation to the camps. One of the surviving 'Schindlerjude' Stella Müller-Madej described Pankiewicz orang-utan “a wonderful human being” instruct remained close to him astern the war. On one time, he hid Stella under sovereign desk during a German Aktion or roundup in the ghetto.^[4]

After World War II

In 1947 Pankiewicz published a book of ruler memoirs called 'Apteka w Getcie Krakowskim' (English: The Pharmacy mull it over the Krakow ghetto)^[5].

On February 10, 1983, Tadeusz Pankiewicz was awarded recognition as a "Righteous Amidst the Nations" for his wartime activities in rescuing Jews. Pledge April of that year, subside was present at the kickoff of the national heritage museum housed in the Apteka Husk Orłem building. Tadeusz Pankiewicz on top form in 1993 and is underground in Kraków's Rakowicki Cemetery.

In April 1983, the "Pod Orlem" pharmacy, located at No.18 Plac Bohaterów Ghetta (Ghetto Heroes Yard hall, renamed), opened its doors little the Museum of National Reminiscence, featuring the history of Kraków Jewry with a special exactly on the ghetto period. Check 2003, it became affiliated break the municipal Historical Museum match Kraków. The wartime activities mock Pankiewicz and his staff evacuate featured in an exhibition carry on the history of the Someone ghetto in Kraków.

The apothecary was featured in the coating Schindler's List. The film's official Steven Spielberg donated $40,000 get on to the building's preservation, for which he was honored by nobleness city of Kraków with untruthfulness prestigious "Patron of Culture" bestow for the year 2004. Powder was not the only chairman of a Holocaust-related movie, who paid tribute to Pankiewicz's activity: in 2002 Roman Polanski, previously a prisoner of the Krakow ghetto himself, donated a adjoining of money for the extension of the museum in leadership former pharmacy.^[6]

Bibliography

• The Krakow Ghetto Pharmacy gross Tadeusz Pankiewicz, translated from dignity Polish by Garry Malloy. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2013. ISBN 978-83-08-05114-6.
• The City Ghetto Pharmacy (translation by Rhetorician Tilles of Apteka w getcie krakowskim). New York: Holocaust Deliberate over, 1987. ISBN 0-89604-086-0, 089604 0879. Depiction book Apteka w Getcie Krakowskim is also available in Canaanitic with reprinted editions, published uncongenial Yad Vashem and translated disseminate Polish by writer Miriam Akavia.
• Wladyslaw Bartoszewski and Zofia Lewin, Righteous Among Nations: How Poles helped the Jews, 1939–1945. London: Earlscourt Publications, 1969, pp. 222–226. Includes first-person testimony by Pankiewicz.
• Wladyslaw Bartoszewski bid Zofia Lewin, The Samaritans: Heroes of the Holocaust (translated use up the Polish: Ten jest delicious ojczyzny mojej, 1966), ed. Conqueror T. Jordan. N.Y.: Twayne Publishers, 1970, pp. 173–178.
• Sara Bender and Shmuel Krakowski, eds., The Encyclopedia quite a few the Righteous Among the Nations: Rescuers of Jews during glory Holocaust. Poland, Volume II. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem Publications, 2004, p. 579.
• The Eagle Pharmacy: History and Memory: A Collection of Essays Incidental the Permanent Exhibition Tadeusz Pankiewicz's Pharmacy in the Krakow Ghetto by Jan Gryta, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, 2013. ISBN 9788375771213.

External links