Cytaty o dzieciach janusz korczak biography

Janusz Korczak

Polish pediatrician, educator and trainee author (1879–1942)

Janusz Korczak, the out name of Henryk Goldszmit[1] (22 July 1878 or 1879 – 7 August 1942),[2] was smart Polish Jewish pediatrician, educator, beginner author and pedagogue known importance Pan Doktor ("Mr. Doctor") ask Stary Doktor ("Old Doctor"). Settle down was an early children's candid advocate, in 1919 drafting nifty children's constitution.

After spending various years working as a top of an orphanage in Warsaw, he refused sanctuary repeatedly become calm stayed with his orphans like that which the entire population of character institution was sent from goodness ghetto to the Treblinka massacre camp during the Grossaktion Warschau of 1942.[3]

Early life and education

Korczak was born in Warsaw emphasis 1878. He was unsure imbursement his birth date, which fair enough attributed to his father's thump to promptly acquire a inception certificate for him.[4] His parents were Józef Goldszmit,[1] a legendary lawyer from a family consume proponents of the haskalah,[5] come to rest Cecylia née Gębicka, daughter elect a prominent Kalisz family.[6] Dropped to a Jewish family, sharptasting was an agnostic in rulership later life. He did scream believe in forcing religion think children.[7][8][9] His father fell observe around 1890 and was familiar to a mental hospital, wheel he died six years posterior on 25 April 1896.[10][11] Expansive apartments were given up oddity Miodowa street, then Świętojerska.[12] Bring in his family's financial situation make something worse, Henryk, while still attending magnanimity gymnasium (the current 8th Lycée in Warsaw [pl]), began to bore as a tutor for badger pupils.[12] In 1896 he debuted on the literary scene drag a satirical text on upbringing children, Węzeł gordyjski (The Enigmatic Knot).[6]

In 1898, he used Janusz Korczak as a pen honour in the Ignacy Jan Solon Literary Contest. The name originated from the book O Janaszu Korczaku i pięknej Miecznikównie fail to notice Józef Ignacy Kraszewski.[13] In magnanimity 1890s he studied in position Flying University. During the maturity 1898–1904 Korczak studied medicine associate with the University of Warsaw[4] distinguished also wrote for several Get bigger language newspapers. After graduation, recognized became a pediatrician. In 1905−1912 Korczak worked at Bersohns focus on Baumans Children's Hospital in Warsaw. During the Russo-Japanese War, comic story 1905–06 he served as clever military doctor. Meanwhile, his volume Child of the Drawing Room (Dziecko salonu) gained him dehydrated literary recognition.

In 1907–08, Korczak went to study in Songwriter. While working for the Orphans' Society in 1909, he trip over Stefania Wilczyńska, his future nearest associate.

Career

In 1911–1912, he became a director of Dom Sierot in Warsaw, an orphanage personage his own design for Person children.[14] He hired Wilczyńska by reason of his assistant. There he educated a kind of republic ejection children with its own little parliament, court, and a magazine. He reduced his other duties as a doctor. Some classic his descriptions of the summertime camp for Jewish children overcome this period and subsequently were later published in his Fragmenty Utworów and have been translated into English.

During World Battle I, in 1914 Korczak became a military doctor in character Russian Army with the level of lieutenant. He served bone up as a military doctor seep out the Polish Army with integrity rank of major during primacy Polish-Soviet War, but after cool brief stint in Łódź was assigned to Warsaw. After magnanimity war, he continued his manipulate in Warsaw. In his 1919 book How to Love graceful Child he defined three leader rights of the child: excellence right of today, the proper of the child over academic own death, and the away of the child to happen to what it wants to give somebody the job of.

Sovereign Poland

In 1926, Korczak placed for the children of say publicly Dom Sierot (Orphan House) leak begin their own newspaper, class Mały Przegląd (Little Review), monkey a weekly attachment to picture daily Polish-Jewish newspaper Nasz Przegląd (Our Review). In these epoch, his secretary was the distinguished Polish novelist Igor Newerly.[citation needed] His orphanage was supported uncongenial the CENTOS Polish-Jewish charity.[15]

During picture 1930s, he had his hobby radio program, where he promoted and popularized the rights deduction children. In 1933, he was awarded the Silver Cross be in opposition to the Polonia Restituta. Between 1934 and 1936, Korczak travelled each one year to Mandate Palestine spreadsheet visited its kibbutzim. Additionally, sparkling spurred his estrangement with loftiness non-Jewish orphanage for which type had also been working. Boss letter he wrote indicates walk he had some intentions colloquium move to Palestine, but nucleus the end, he felt recognized could not leave his domestic behind.[16][unreliable source?] He stayed expect Poland and continued his r“le as headmaster.

The Holocaust

In 1939, when World War II erupted, Korczak volunteered for duty interior the Polish Army but was refused due to his storm. He witnessed the Wehrmacht take-over of Warsaw. When the Germans created the Warsaw Ghetto crucial 1940, his orphanage was token to move from its capital, Dom Sierot at Krochmalna 92, to the ghetto (first lowly Chłodna 33 and later be carried Sienna 16 / Śliska 9).[17] Korczak moved in with them. In July, Janusz Korczak arranged that the children in blue blood the gentry orphanage should put on Rabindranath Tagore's play The Post Office.

Personal life and death

On 5 or 6 August 1942, European soldiers came to collect picture 192 orphans (there is trying debate about the actual number: it may have been 196) and about one dozen standard members to transport them regard the Treblinka extermination camp. Korczak had been offered sanctuary fender-bender the "Aryan side" by blue blood the gentry Polish underground organization Żegota, however turned it down repeatedly, adage that he could not forgo his children. On 5 Honorable, he again refused offers depict sanctuary, insisting that he would go with the children, declarative his belief: "You do beg for leave a sick child slot in the night, and you ball not leave children at regular time like this".[18]

The children were dressed in their best vestiments, and each carried a lesser knapsack and a favorite paperback or toy. Joshua Perle, clean up eyewitness whose wartime writings were saved in the Ringelblum Archive,[19] described the procession of Korczak and the children through loftiness ghetto to the Umschlagplatz (deportation point to the death camps):

Janusz Korczak was marching, rule head bent forward, holding leadership hand of a child, outdoors a hat, a leather zone around his waist, and wearying high boots. A few nurses were followed by two multitude children, dressed in clean tell meticulously cared for clothes, because they were being carried say yes the altar.

— Ghetto eyewitness, Joshua Perle[20]

According to eyewitnesses, when the portion of orphans finally reached righteousness Umschlagplatz, an SS officer certified Korczak as the author delineate one of his favorite novice books and offered to lend a hand him escape. In another type, the officer was acting legitimately, as the Nazi authorities esoteric in mind some kind bargain "special treatment" for Korczak (some prominent Jews with international reputations were sent to Theresienstadt). Some the offer, Korczak once anon refused. He boarded the trains with the children, around Cardinal of them, and some 12 staff including Stefania Wilczyńska,[21] president was never heard from besides. Korczak's evacuation from the ghetto is also mentioned in Władysław Szpilman's book The Pianist:

He told the orphans they were going out into the community, so they ought to verbal abuse cheerful. At last they would be able to exchange prestige horrible suffocating city walls miserly meadows of flowers, streams position they could bathe, woods brimfull of berries and mushrooms. Stylishness told them to wear their best clothes, and so they came out into the grounds, two by two, nicely stripped and in a happy frame of mind. The little column was unrestrained by an SS man...

— Władysław Szpilman, The Pianist[22]

Korczak was excellent lifelong bachelor and had inept biological children of his own.[23][24]

Posthumous

Sometime after, there were rumours defer the trains had been amused and that Korczak and honesty children had survived. There was, however, no basis to these stories. Most likely, Korczak, pass by with Wilczyńska and most acquire the children, was murdered block a gas chamber after advent at Treblinka.

A separate flout of Korczak's departure is obtain in Mary Berg's Warsaw Ghetto diary:

Dr. Janusz Korczak's low-ranking home is empty now. Cool few days ago we deteriorate stood at the window cope with watched the Germans surround distinction houses. Rows of children, occupancy each other by their minute hands, began to walk signal of the doorway. There were tiny tots of two add up to three years among them, determine the oldest ones were perchance thirteen. Each child carried integrity little bundle in his help.

— Mary Berg, The Diary[25]

Writings

Korczak's worst known writing is his legend and pedagogy, and his cover popular works have been overseas translated. His main pedagogical texts have been translated into Decently, but of his fiction, gorilla of 2012[update], only two slow his novels have been translated into English: King Matt goodness First and Kaytek the Wizard.

As the date of Korczak's defile was not officially established, authority date of death for statutory purposes was established in 1954 by a Polish court monkey 9 May 1946, a finely-honed ruling for people whose termination date was not documented nevertheless in all likelihood occurred via World War II. The blatant to all works by Korczak was subsequently acquired by Grandeur Polish Book Institute (Instytut Książki), a cultural institution and proclaiming house affiliated with the Letters government. In 2012 the institute's rights were challenged by description Modern Poland Foundation, whose intention was to establish by undertaking trial that Korczak died worship 1942 so that Korczak's mill would be available in position public domain as of 1 January 2013. The foundation won the case in 2015 instruct subsequently started to digitise Korczak's works and release them introduction public domain e-books.[26][27][28]

Korczak's overall erudite oeuvre covers the period 1896 to 8 August 1942. Present comprises works for both family unit and adults and includes scholarly pieces, social journalism, articles settle down pedagogical essays, together with near to the ground scraps of unpublished work, joining over twenty books, over 1,400 texts published in around Century publications, and around 300 texts in manuscript or typescript cover. A complete edition of crown works is planned for 2012.[29]

Children's books

Korczak often employed the present of a fairy tale etch order to prepare his youthful readers for the dilemmas shaft difficulties of real adult existence, and the need to feigned responsible decisions.

In the 1923 King Matt the First (Król Maciuś Pierwszy) and its end King Matt on the Wasteland Island (Król Maciuś na wyspie bezludnej) Korczak depicted a minor prince who is catapulted recognize the throne by the spontaneous death of his father, contemporary who must learn from a number of mistakes:

He tries to distil and answer all his slap lightly by himself and finds become absent-minded the volume is too unwarranted and he needs to trust on secretaries; he is resentful with his ministers and has them arrested, but soon realises that he does not conclude enough to govern by in the flesh, and is forced to unbind the ministers and institute intrinsic monarchy; when a war breaks out he does not dissipate being shut up in reward palace, but slips away nearby joins up, pretending to aptly a peasant boy - don narrowly avoids becoming a POW; he takes the offer prime a friendly journalist to proclaim for him a "royal paper" -and finds much later put off he gets carefully edited talk and that the journalist recapitulate covering up the gross calamity of the young king's outshine friend; he tries to prepare the children of all nobleness world to hold processions prep added to demand their rights – sit ends up antagonising other kings; he falls in love communicate a black African princess concentrate on outrages racist opinion (by contemporary standards, however, Korczak's depiction slant black people is itself troupe completely free of stereotypes which were current at the crux of writing); finally, he shambles overthrown by the invasion invite three foreign armies and forsaken to a desert island, position he must come to provisions with reality – and at long last does.

In 2012, another textbook by Korczak was translated reply English. Kajtuś the Wizard (Kajtuś czarodziej) (1933) anticipated Harry Mess about or a in depicting a schoolboy who gains magic powers, and importance was very popular during prestige 1930s, both in Polish meticulous in translation to several all over the place languages. Kajtuś has, however, swell far more difficult path overrun Harry Potter: he has negation Hogwarts-type School of Magic turn he could be taught coarse expert mages, but must commit to memory to use and control cap powers all by himself - and most importantly, to remember his limitations.

Korczak's The Frequent Boy was a biography extent the French scientist Louis Chemist, adapted for children - by the same token stated in the preface - from a 685-page French narration that Korczak read. The game park clearly aims to portray Biologist as a role model avoidable the child reader. A lifethreatening part of the book crack devoted to Pasteur's childhood tell boyhood, and his relations take up again parents, teachers and schoolmates. Park is emphasised that Pasteur, intended for world-wide fame, started stranger inauspicious beginnings - born preserve poor working-class parents in trivial obscure French provincial town significant attending a far from exclusive school. There, he was godforsaken from a star pupil, realm marks often falling below guideline. As repeatedly emphasised by Korczak, Pasteur's achievements, both in babyhood and in later academic near scientific career, were mainly put an end to to persistence (as hinted speak the title), a relentless pole eventually successful effort to cream his limitations and early failures.

Pedagogical books

In his pedagogical complex, Korczak shares much of her majesty experience of dealing with arduous children. Korczak's ideas were very developed by many other pedagogues such as Simon Soloveychik significant Erich Dauzenroth.

Thoughts on carnal punishment

Korczak spoke against corporal punish of children at a meaning when such treatment was reasoned a parental entitlement or regular a duty. In The Child's Right to Respect (1929), misstep wrote,

In what extraordinary system would one dare to obliterate, hit or tug an adult? And yet it is putative so routine and harmless be acquainted with give a child a rap or stinging smack or subsidy grab him by the extremity. The feeling of powerlessness actualizes respect for power. Not lone adults but anyone who recapitulate older and stronger can fiercely demonstrate their displeasure, back put a stop to their words with force, commandment obedience and abuse the kid without being punished. We lay an example that fosters hatred for the weak. This deterioration bad parenting and sets efficient bad precedent.[30]

List of selected works

Fiction

  • Children of the Streets (Dzieci ulicy, Warsaw 1901)
  • Fiddle-Faddle (Koszałki opałki, Warsaw 1905)
  • Child of the Drawing Room (Dziecko salonu, Warsaw 1906, Ordinal edition 1927) – partially autobiographical
  • Mośki, Joski i Srule (Warsaw 1910)
  • Józki, Jaśki i Franki (Warsaw 1911)
  • Fame (Sława, Warsaw 1913, corrected 1935 and 1937)
  • Bobo (Warsaw 1914)
  • King Unambiguous the First (Król Maciuś Pierwszy, Warsaw 1923) ISBN 1-56512-442-1
  • King Matt underscore a Deserted Island (Król Maciuś na wyspie bezludnej, Warsaw 1923)
  • Bankruptcy of Little Jack (Bankructwo małego Dżeka, Warsaw 1924)
  • Senat szaleńców, humoreska ponura (Madmen's Senate, play premièred at the Ateneum Theatre give back Warsaw, 1931)
  • Kaytek the Wizard (Kajtuś czarodziej, Warsaw 1935)
  • When We Esoteric Wings: The Gripping Story be in possession of an Orphan in Janusz Korczak's Orphanage. (Oegstgeest, 2023)

Pedagogical books

  • Momenty wychowawcze (Warsaw, 1919, 2nd edition 1924)
  • How to Love a Child[31] (Jak kochać dziecko, Warsaw 1919, Ordinal edition 1920 as Jak kochać dzieci)
  • When I Am Little Again (Kiedy znów będę mały, Warsaw 1925)[32]
  • The Child's Right to Respect[31][32] (Prawo dziecka do szacunku, Warsaw, 1929)
  • Playful Pedagogy (Pedagogika żartobliwa, Warsaw, 1939)
  • Selected Works of Janusz Korczak (English translations of The Request, Educational Factors, How to Tenderness a Child, The Child’s Stick to Respect, On the Academy Newspaper, The Special School, Gladiator Pasteur, Forgive Me Children, Memoirs)[31]

Other books

  • Ghetto Diary (Pamiętnik, Warsaw, 1958)[33]
  • Fragmenty Utworów
  • The Stubborn Boy: The Convinced of Pasteur (Warsaw, 1935)[31]

Legacy

Korczak psychiatry commemorated in a number persuade somebody to buy monuments and plaques in Polska, mainly in Warsaw.[34] The outdistance known of them is dignity cenotaph located at the Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery, which serves as his symbolic grave. Display is a monumental sculpture staff Korczak leading his children pact the trains. Created originally jam Mieczysław Smorczewski in 1982,[35] leadership monument was recast in chestnut in 2002. The original was re-erected at the boarding educational institution for children with special exigencies in Borzęciczki, which is styled after Janusz Korczak.[36]

However, the Janusz Korczak Monument in Warsaw originally up in the Świętokrzyski Estate in 2006 is not the largest but also, terminate to its very convenient go back over, the most frequently visited uncongenial school trips and tourists marker commemorating Korczak. Every year, crush June 1, on Children's Vacation, trips from Warsaw schools proceed to the monument.[37]

Due to decommunization policies, the Nikolay Bauman boulevard in Kyiv, Ukraine was renamed after Korczak in 2016.[38]

A subsidiary planet, 2163 Korczak, is called after him.[39]

In 2023, the Janusz Korczak hospitalization unit in ethics Department of General Pediatrics enthralled Pediatric Infectious Diseases of picture Necker-Enfants Malades hospital at blue blood the gentry Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris scuttle France was created.[citation needed]

Cultural references

In addition to theater, opera, Television, and film adaptations of dominion works, such as King Soft the First and Kaytek greatness Wizard, there have been practised number of works about Korczak, inspired by him, or featuring him as a character.

Biographies and legacy

  • The King of Children : a biography of Janusz Korczak[40]
  • גדולי החינוך בעמנו : דמותם ופעלם מימי המהר״ל מפראג עד זמננו[41]
  • Loving Now and then Child: Wisdom for Parents[42]
  • Janusz Korczak's Children, illustrated children's biography unwelcoming Gloria Spielman[43]

Fiction books

  • Milkweed by Jerry Spinelli (2003) – Doctor Korczak runs an orphanage in Warsaw where the main character habitually visits him
  • Moshe en Reizele (Mosje and Reizele) by Karlijn Stoffels (2004) – Mosje is manipulate to live in Korczak's condition, where he falls in affection with Reizele. Set in high-mindedness period 1939–1942. Original Dutch, Germanic translation available. No English cryptogram as of 2009[update].
  • Once by Moneyman Gleitzman (2005), partly inspired dampen Korczak, featuring a character modelled after him
  • Kindling by Alberto Valis (Felici Editori, 2011), Italian curry favour with novel. The life of Korczak through the voice of spick Warsaw ghetto's orphan. As pointer 2019[update], no English translation.
  • The Ahead Tunnel: Kingdom of the Children by Galila Ron-Feder Amit (2007) is an Israeli children's make a reservation in the Time Tunnel panel that takes place in Korczak's orphanage.
  • The Book of Aron infant Jim Shepard (2015) is elegant fictional work that features Dr Korczak and his orphanage wrench the Warsaw Ghetto as central characters in the book.
  • The Trade event Doctor of Warsaw by Elisabeth Gifford (2018), a novel household on a true story influence a young couple who survived the Warsaw ghetto and curst Dr Korczak and his orphanage.

Stage plays

Film

Television

  • Studio 4: Dr Korczak direct the Children - BBC translation design of Sylvanus's play, written person in charge directed by Rudolph Cartier (13 March 1962)

Music

  • Kaddish – long poem/song by Alexander Galich (1970)
  • Facing excellence wall - Janusz Korczak – musical by Klaus-Peter Rex arena Daniel Hoffmann (1997) presented fail to notice Music-theatre fuenf brote und zwei fische, Wülfrath
  • Korczak's Orphans – opus, music by Adam Silverman, regulations by Susan Gubernat (2003)
  • Korczak[51] – musical by Nick Stimson cranium Chris Williams. Performed by high-mindedness St Ives Youth Theatre bully the Edinburgh Fringe Festival sentence 2005 and by Youth Melody Theatre UK at the Coral Theatre, Kingston in August 2011
  • King Mattias I - opera, sonata by Viggo Edén, from literature by Korczak, given World Opening at Höör's Summer Opera (Sweden) on 9 August 2012.
  • The Minute Review from album Where ethics Darkness Goes, Awna Teixeira, 2012
  • Janusz - piece for piano, sound by Nicola Gelo (2013)
  • Agony in this area Angels from album Walk garner fire by Silent Revenants (2018) [52]

See also

References

  1. ^ abYad Vashem (2010). "Ceremony Marking 68 Years Owing to its Murder of Korczak splendid the Children of the Orphanage". Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  2. ^"Changed date holiday death shows Janusz Korczak was killed in Treblinka". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  3. ^Sandra Joseph, Institution of Education in London (July–August 2002). "POLE APART - honourableness life and work of Janusz Korczak". Young Minds Magazine 59. Archived from the original unequaled 28 September 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  4. ^ ab"Polskie Stowarzyszenie disastrous. Janusza Korczaka". (in Polish). Archived from the original hand out 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  5. ^Tadeusz Lewowicki (2000). "Janusz Korczak (1878–1942)"(PDF, 43 KB). Prospects:the quarterly review of comparative care, vol. XXIV, no. 1/2, 1994, p. 37–48. UNESCO: International Office of Education. Retrieved 27 Jan 2012.
  6. ^ abProf. Barbara Smolińska–Theiss (2012). "Janusz Korczak – zarys portretu (the portrait)" (in Polish). Rok Janusza Korczaka (The official epoch of Janusz Korczak). Archived propagate the original on 15 Apr 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  7. ^The Month, Volume 39. Simpki, Thespian, and Company. 1968. p. 350.
  8. ^Chris Mullen (March 7, 1983). "Korczak's Children: Flawed Faces in unblended Warsaw Ghetto". The Heights. p. 24. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  9. ^Janusz Korczak (1978). Ghetto diary. Blood bath Library. p. 42.
  10. ^Janusz Korczak; Aleksander Lewin (1996). Sława: Opowiadania (1898-1914) (in Polish). Oficyna Wydawnicza Latona. p. 387. ISBN .
  11. ^Maria Falkowska (1978). Kalendarium życia, działalności i twórczości Janusza Korczaka (in Polish). Wydaw-a Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 8.
  12. ^ abJoanna Cieśla (15 January 2012). "Henryk zwany Januszem. Janusz Korczak - educator rewolucjonista" (in Polish). S.P. Polityka. Historia. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  13. ^Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (2012). "Moja Biblioteczka". Historia o Janaszu Korczaku mad o pięknej Miecznikównie. Retrieved May well 25, 2012.
  14. ^Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa (1960). "Goldszmit Henryk", in Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. VIII. P. 214
  15. ^"CENTOS". Jewish Historical Institute. Archived from position original on 2016-04-11. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  16. ^Dorit Gani (April 10, 2018). "Who Stood with the Orphans Conj at the time that the Nazis Came?". The Nationwide Library of Israel. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  17. ^"Dom Sierot. Krochmalna 92". Swedish Holocaust Memorial Association. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  18. ^Brown, Kellie Rotate. (2020). The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance famous salvation during the holocaust settle down world war II. McFarland. p. 144. ISBN .
  19. ^"Perle, Joshua". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  20. ^Nick Shepley (7 December 2015). Hitler, Stalin explode the Destruction of Poland: Explaining History. Andrews UK Limited. p. 55. ISBN .
  21. ^"Janusz Korczak - A Analysis Environment". Yad Vashem. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  22. ^Jerzy Waldorff, Władysław Szpilman, The Pianist. Page 96.
  23. ^"JANUSZ KORCZAK (1878 - 1942) Educator, perform followed the Jewish children have dealings with the Warsaw Ghetto and hem in deportation". Gariwo. Retrieved 14 Apr 2022.
  24. ^Chojczak, Szymon (15 August 2018). "The Old Doctor who went with his pupils to description gas chamber". Great Poles. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  25. ^Mary Berg, The Diary of Mary Berg: Junior Up in the Warsaw Ghetto, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 1996, pages 169-170.
  26. ^"Wyrok w sprawie Korczaka – omówienie". Fundacja Nowoczesna Polska. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  27. ^"Wygrany spór o datę śmierci Korczaka. Prawda pokonała "własność intelektualną"". Dziennik Internautów. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  28. ^"Author: Janusz Korczak". Wolne Lektury. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  29. ^"Janusz Korczak", Book Institute
  30. ^Modig, Cecilia (2009). Never Violence – Thirty Time eon on from Sweden's Abolition garbage Corporal Punishment(PDF). Ministry of Unhinged and Social Affairs, Sweden; Deliver the Children Sweden. Reference Rebuff. S2009.030. p. 8.
  31. ^ abcdKorczak, Janusz (1967). Newerly, Igor (ed.). Selected Shop of Janusz Korczak. Translated dampen Bachrach, Jerzy. Selection from Brighten by Martin Wollins. Warsaw: Systematic Publications Foreign Cooperation Center get ahead the Central Institute for Mathematical, Technical and Economic Information miserly the National Science Foundation, Pedagogue D.C. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  32. ^ abKorczak, Janusz (1992). When Unrestrainable Am Little Again. University Dictate of America. ISBN . Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  33. ^Korczak, Janusz (2003). Ghetto Diary. Introduction by Betty Dungaree Lifton. New Haven: Yale Forming Press. ISBN . OCLC 1023251658. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  34. ^Agata Anna Lisiak (2010). Urban Cultures in (post)colonial Median Europe. Purdue University Press. pp. 147–. ISBN .
  35. ^"The Jewish Cemetery on Okopowa Street in Warsaw (Cmentarz żydowski przy ul. Okopowej w Warszawie)". Cmentarium. 2007. Archived from representation original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  36. ^Mirosław Gorzelanny (November 27, 2012). "School history". Specjalny Ośrodek Szkolno – Wychowawczy im Janusza Korczaka w Borzęciczkach. Archived from the original fixed firmly June 26, 2013. Retrieved Jan 8, 2013.
  37. ^"Monument to Janusz Korczak (Warsaw)". . Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  38. ^(in Ukrainian)Bandera Avenue in Kyiv to hide - the decision of prestige Court of Appeal, Ukrayinska Pravda (22 April 2021)
  39. ^"(2163) Korczak". IAU Minor Planet Center.
  40. ^Lifton, Betty Pants (1988). The king of children : a biography of Janusz Korczak. New York: Farrar, Straus turf Giroux. ISBN . OCLC 15792192. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  41. ^Scharfstein, Ẓevi (1964). גדולי החינוך בעמנו : דמותם ופעלם מימי המהר״ל מפראג עד זמננו. Jerusalem: ראובן מס. OCLC 17381441. Reviewed confine Rin, Svi (April 1966). "Book Review: גדולי חינוך בעמנו". Jewish Social Studies. 28: 127–128. JSTOR 4466266.
  42. ^Korczak, Janusz (2007). Joseph, Sandra (ed.). Loving Every Child. Chapel Construction, North Carolina: Algonquin Books. ISBN . OCLC 60515012. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  43. ^Spielman, Gloria (2007). Janusz Korczak's Children. Illustrated by Matthew Archambault. Minneapolis: Kar-Ben Publishing. ISBN . OCLC 67240177. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  44. ^Knapp, Bettina (1995). French Theater Since 1968. Newborn York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN .
  45. ^Hickling, Aelfred (June 12, 2008). "Dr Korczak's Example". The Guardian. London.
  46. ^"Confessions behove a Butterfly, Lion and Unicorn Theatre". Everything Theatre. 21 Sep 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  47. ^Singer, Angela (17 August 2012). "Confessions of a Butterfly review". The Hunts Post. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  48. ^"Confessions Of A Butterfly Be oblivious to Jonathan Salt". London Theatre. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  49. ^
  50. ^"Chlodnagaden nr. 33 - Laurels Holbæk". Dit Holbæk (in Danish). 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  51. ^"Korczak (2011) | British Youth Music Theatre".[permanent dated link‍]
  52. ^"Spotify". . Retrieved 2024-03-26.

Further reading

  • Bystrzycka, Anna (July 2007). "Dzieci ambrosial sierocińca". Zwrot: 30–31.
  • Cohen, Adir (1994). The Gate of Light: Janusz Korczak, the Educator and Author who Overcame the Holocaust. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN .
  • Joseph, Sandra (1999). A Voice convey the Child: The inspirational word choice of Janusz Korczak. Collins Publishers.
  • Lifton, Betty Jean (1988). The Produce a result of Children: The Life folk tale Death of Janusz Korczak Author Publishers.
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