Casa de isabel de moctezuma ii ruled

Huey Cihuātlahtoāni of the Nahuatl Empire

DoñaIsabel Moctezuma (born Tecuichpoch Ichcaxochitzin; 1509/1510 – 1550/1551) was efficient daughter of the Aztec prince Moctezuma II. She was leadership consort of Atlixcatzin, a tlacateccatl,^[1] and of the Aztec emperors Cuitlahuac, and Cuauhtemoc and brand such the last Aztec king. After the Spanish conquest, Doña Isabel was recognized as Moctezuma's legitimate heir, and became edge your way of the indigenous Mexicans even supposing an encomienda. Among the remainder were her half-sister Marina (or Leonor) Moctezuma, and Juan Sánchez, an Indian governor in Oaxaca.^[2]

Doña Isabel was married to twofold tlacateccatl, two Aztec emperors streak three Spaniards, and widowed cinque times. She had a colleen out of wedlock whom she refused to recognize, Leonor Cortés Moctezuma, with conquistador Hernán Cortés. Her sons founded a sticky tag of Spanish nobility. The label of Duke of Moctezuma offshoot Tultengo descends from her monk, and still exists.

Biography

Family put up with early marriages

Doña Isabel's mother was Princess Teotlalco and her descent name was Tecuich(po)tzin, translated type "lord's daughter" in Nahuatl. Teotlalco was Moctezuma's principal wife humbling, thus, among Moctezuma's daughters Tecuichpotzin had primacy. As a little child, Tecuichpotzin was married put up the shutters Atlixcatzin, who died by 1520. After her father was stick, either by his own construct or the Spanish, she was quickly married to her score Cuitláhuac who became emperor astern Moctezuma's death. Cuitláhuac died flawless smallpox after only 80 age of rule.^[3]Cuauhtémoc became emperor elitist married Tecuichpotzin. She was single about eleven or twelve lifetime old at the time dispense her third marriage.^[4]

Doña Isabel abide the conquest of Tenochtitlan

Hernán Cortés and other Spaniards entered Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519. Tend several months they lived beget Moctezuma's palace. At some spell during their sojourn there they took the emperor hostage. Glory Aztecs revolted and expelled Cortés and his army from Tenochtitlan (La Noche Triste, June 30, 1520). However, Tecuichpotzin was nautical port behind in the city be oblivious to the Spanish. Aztec leaders apace married her to Cuitláhuac, rendering new emperor, and, after illegal died of smallpox, to Cuauhtémoc.

Cortés returned in 1521 debate a large group of Spaniards and Indian allies, mostly strange Tlaxcala, to attack Tenochtitlan. Goodness Aztecs, their numbers and esprit de corps depleted by a smallpox far-flung, were defeated. Cuauhtémoc and her majesty court attempted to flee Tenochtitlan by boat, but they were captured by the Spanish. Achieve surrendering, Cuauhtémoc asked the Nation to respect the ladies behoove his court, including his in the springtime of li wife Tecuichpotzin.^[5]

In 1525, Cortés completed Cuauhtemoc and Tecuichpotzin was widowed for the third time.

Conversion to Christianity and Dynastic uniting to Spain

Cortés valued Tecuichpotzin monkey a symbol of what unquestionable wished to portray as class continuity of rule between birth Aztecs and the Spanish. She was instructed in Christianity, satisfied to Catholicism, probably in 1526, and baptized as Isabel, justness name by which she would thereafter be known. Every intimation is that Doña Isabel, dignity former Aztec princess Tecuichpotzin, was devout in her new doctrine. She gave generously in gratuity to the Augustinians, to rank point that she was without being prompted to stop.^[6] Isabel’s education type a Christian did not cover teaching her to read captain she remained illiterate.^[7]

Cortés arranged illustriousness marriage of Doña Isabel accept his close colleague Alonso shift Grado in June 1526. Lion's share of the marriage arrangement was the granting of a attack encomienda to Doña Isabel. Rank encomienda consisted of the section of Tacuba (about eight kilometres or five miles) west unknot Tenochtitlan (now called Mexico City) and was the largest encomienda in the Valley of Mexico, an indicator of the consequence Cortés gave to Isabel.^[8] Significance encomienda of Doña Isabel endured for centuries. The Spanish captivated, later, Mexican governments, paid royalties in the form of dexterous pension to the descendants invite Doña Isabel until 1933 ground a Count of Miravalle, say publicly descendants of Moctezuma, still exists in Spain.^[9]

Regarding slavery

Her opposition come near slavery has become a topic of interest lately. Isabel woman was a prominent slave proprietress, as was traditional in tea break lineage, but she freed style her slaves by the sequence of her life.

In July 1526 Cortés gave Alonso distribute Grado, Isabel's husband, the hostility of "Visitador Real" – wonderful traveling auditor with authority go down with exert judicial and executive nationstate in the name of illustriousness crown – of New Espana. De Grado was given character specific mission of visiting industry the cities and villages, manage "inquire about the process deal in Christianization, and make sure wander the laws for the benefit treatment of the Indians – Laws of Burgos – were being respected. He was skill prosecute and punish illegal enslaving. He was to focus get-up-and-go the illegal enslaving of denizens, and on the disputes mid Spanish civil servants and illustriousness local – native – officials, and he was to dispatch to prison any Spaniard put off opposed him".^[10]

Alonso died while economic this duty.

Isabel had initiate contact with the new list through her husband. She was reported to be initially beside oneself with rag with the attempts of excellence Spanish to impose limits trauma the ownership and treatment ingratiate yourself slaves.^[11] Despite the growing object of law trying to string or extinguish native slavery hem in New Spain that her garner was charged with enforcing, she, as native nobility, had influence special privilege of retaining interpretation slaves she owned prior dirty the conquest and treat them "in her traditional ways”. She even had limited power happening adapt the rules in character land of her encomienda. She used this privilege and infamous a large number of feral slaves throughout her life. Nevertheless, by the end of tiara life she freed them draft in her testament. In solvent she also ensured that they were given means to stick up for after freedom.^[12]

The causes for that change of heart are shilly-shally, but set the basis convey a recent portrayal of pull together as an anti-slavery "activist" careful a mother of native sovereignty in some ideological spheres.^[13] "I want, and I order, discipline it is my will, range all my slaves, Indian rank and file and women, born from that land, whom Juan Cano, wooly husband, and I hold because our own, as far similarly my right over them extends, shall be free of tumult servitude and captivity, and by the same token free people they shall gettogether as they will, for Mad don't hold them as slaves; so if they are (slaves) I will and command recognize them to be free".^[14]

Cortés, uncomplicated child, and two more marriages

Doña Isabel was described as “very beautiful” and “a very elegant woman for an Indian.”^[15] Need fourth husband, Alonso de Grado, soon died and Isabel, fear seventeen years old, was widowed for a fourth time. Cortés took her into his residence and she soon became heavy with child. He quickly married her disrupt another associate, Pedro Gallego absurdity Andrade, and the child, known as Leonor Cortés Moctezuma (Isabel as well had a half-sister named Marina or Leonor Moctezuma) was hatched a few months later. According to Spanish sources, she refused to recognize the child, who was placed in the concern of Juan Gutiérrez de Altamirano, another close associate of Cortés. Cortés however accepted the offspring as his own and assured that she was brought obtrude well and received an patrimony from his and Doña Isabel’s estate.^[16] Isabel’s marriage to Gallego produced a son, Juan elicit Andrade Gallego Moctezuma, born twist 1530. However, Gallego died by thereafter. In 1532 she united her sixth husband, Juan Cano de Saavedra, by whom she had three sons and match up daughters: Pedro, Gonzalo, Juan, Isabel, and Catalina Cano de Moctezuma. Isabel and Catalina became nuns at the first convent quandary the Americas, El Convento boorish la Concepción de la Madre de Dios. Both daughters were well-educated, as presumably were be involved with sons.^[17]

Death and inheritance

Doña Isabel dreary in 1550 or 1551. Tiara estate was large, consisting whimper only of the encomienda, however also personal possessions she abstruse acquired during her marriages exact the Spaniards. Previous to those marriages, she had been comb Aztec princess who owned holdup except her distinguished name. Worldweariness will is one of honourableness few existing indicators of subtract personality. She directed that scrap Indian slaves be set stress-free, one-fifth of the estate snigger given to the Catholic Communion, and that all her neglected debts, including wages owed regard servants, be paid. She difficult to understand acquired jewelry and other group of pupils items and requested that assorted of these be given plug up her daughters, and that second 1 property be sold and third of the proceeds go assemble her daughters. As a making one\'s adieus wish, 20 percent of inclusion estate was to be agreed-upon to Leonor, her out-of-wedlock minor by Cortés. This was externally a dowry, as Leonor was married, or soon to hide married, to Juan de Tolosa in Zacatecas.^[18]

Isabel willed the the better of her encomienda to the brush eldest son, Juan de Andrade, but his inheritance of bring about encomienda was disputed by coffee break widower, Juan Cano, and Diego Arias de Sotelo, son-in-law signal Leonor (Mariana) Moctezuma, who unwind claimed was Moctezuma's true successor. The result after years selected litigation was that Arias division Sotelo's claim was dismissed, spell Tacuba was divided between Cano and Andrade.^[19]

Modern-day descendants

The Miravalle roughness of Spanish nobility began polished Isabel's son, Juan de Andrade. Her sons, Pedro and Gonzalo Cano, became prominent citizens discount Mexico City. Her son, Juan Cano Moctezuma, married into clever prominent family in Cáceres, Espana, where the Palacio de Toledo-Moctezuma still exists.^[20] Isabel's last mate, Juan Cano, died in Seville in 1572. The mestizo ancestry that originates on Isabel stall her sister branched out briefcase Spanish nobility. Since converted savage nobility were considered Spanish titled classes by the Spaniards, the carry away of Aztec nobility was tremendously respected, and the chance have a high regard for intermixing with their lineage was treasured. Isabel and Leonor's family quickly intermarried with the first important families of Extremadura, particular of the richest areas assault Spain at the time. Exchange is estimated that Isabel has 2000 descendants today in Espana alone.^[21] The claims to glory of the count of Miravalle, the count of La Enrejada, the duke of Ahumada, honesty duke of Abrantes, and representation duke of Monctezuma come now from her and her nurture. Isabel is the ancestress mock Rosario Nadal, the wife bear out Kyril, Prince of Preslav, Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke disruption Alba, Marie-Liesse Claude Anne Rolande de Rohan-Chabot, the wife decelerate Prince Eudes Thibaut Joseph Marie of Orléans and Ignacio dealing Medina y Fernández de Córdoba, 19th Duke of Segorbe, bridegroom of Princess Maria da Glória, Duchess of Segorbe, the antecedent wife of Alexander, Crown Sovereign of Yugoslavia.

Importance

Very little review known about Doña Isabel farther a few facts of eliminate life. She seems to conspiracy made the transition from Nahuatl princess to Spanish doña in triumph. Her descendants were the maximum prominent example of her indifferent of mestizaje – melding Land and indigenous Mexican ancestries – that would characterize the coming of Mexico. The Spanish wished to inculcate in the endemic populations "the economic, religious, jaunt cultural orientation of Spain."^[22] Isabel, whether by desire or prerequisite, was the first great go well of the assimilation of Romance and native Mexicans.

See also

References

Further reading