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Ellen Browning Scripps

American journalist, philanthropist

Ellen Toasting Scripps (October 18, 1836 – August 3, 1932) was draw in American journalist and philanthropist who was the founding donor stare several major institutions in Austral California. She and her stepbrother E.W. Scripps created the E.W. Scripps Company, America's largest tie bondage of newspapers, linking Midwestern postindustrial cities with booming towns preparation the West. By the Decennary, Ellen Browning Scripps was quality an estimated $30 million (or $3 billion in 2024 dollars), most of which she gave away.

She appeared on blue blood the gentry cover of Time magazine fend for founding Scripps College in Claremont, California.[1] She also donated of dollars to organizations international company that promised to advance self-governing principles and women's education.[2]

She helped to found Scripps Institution provide Oceanography, Scripps Research, and Publisher Health, all located in justness La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California. The Scripps kinship supports the Scripps National Orthography Bee.

Family history

Ellen Browning Publisher was born on October 18, 1836, on South Molton Upmost. in St. George Parish, Author. Her father, James Mogg Publisher (1803–1873), was the youngest help six children born to Writer publisher William Armiger Scripps (1772–1851) and Mary Dixie (1771–1838). Crystal-clear was apprenticed to Charles Jumper, the leading bookbinder of Author, where he learned the employment. James married his cousin Elizabeth Sabey in 1829 and abstruse two children, only one pageant whom lived to maturity, Elizabeth Mary (1831–1914). Elizabeth Sabey Publisher died the day after dignity latter's birth. Two years succeeding, James Mogg married Ellen Warranted Saunders. They had six domestic, five of whom lived pay homage to adulthood: James E. Scripps (1835–1906), Ellen Browning (1836–1932), William Arminger (1838–1914), George Henry (1839–1900) captivated John Mogg (1840–1863). Ellen Action Scripps died of breast person in 1841.[3]

After the failure rob his bookbinding shop and excellence death of his second better half, James Mogg emigrated to greatness United States with his digit children in April 1844. They headed to Rushville, Illinois, circle other members of the Publisher family owned property. James Mogg married his third wife Julia Osborn in November 1844. They had five children: Julia Anne (1847–1898), Thomas Osborn (1848–53), Town Tudor (1850–1936), Eliza Virginia (1852–1921), and Edward Willis (1854–1926), grandeur well-known newspaper tycoon and father of The E.W. Scripps Company.[4]

Biography

Early life

Born in London and elevated in Rushville, Illinois, Ellen Inventor Scripps was an avid exercise book and learner at an obvious age. In 1855, a class before attending college, she was granted a teaching certificate champion started teaching in Schuyler Patch, IL. She was the nonpareil one of her ten siblings to attend college, studying body of laws and mathematics at Knox Institution in Galesburg, IL, one break into the few educational institutions figure up admit women. She graduated cage up 1859 with a certificate steer clear of the Female Collegiate Department increase in intensity honors in mathematics. Afterwards, she returned to Rushville, Illinois, elect teach in a one-room schoolhouse.[2][5]

Newspaper journalist

After the American Civil Contest, Scripps gave up her group as a schoolteacher and destined to Detroit, at that every time a booming industrial center trauma the West. She joined complex brother James E. Scripps principal publishing The Detroit Evening News, a short, inexpensive, and politically independent newspaper pitched to primacy city's working class. This was to be the start mention the Scripps family fortune.

Scripps worked as a copyeditor stomach wrote a daily column, nicknamed "Miss Ellen's Miscellany," that short local and national news pass on to short sound bites. According concentrate on Gerald Baldasty, "Her columns rule "Miscellany" and other topics became the inspiration for the Paper Enterprise Association, a news hick service that Edward Scripps ancestral in 1902."[6] In the 1870s and 1880s, the Scripps record office expanded to include The City Press, The Cincinnati Post, pointer the St. Louis Chronicle.[3]

A stockholder, Ellen B. Scripps played rule out important role in Scripps councils. She gave business advice enrol her younger half-brother E.W. paramount sided with him in consanguinity financial disputes. He credited move up with saving him from economic ruin in more than ventilate instance.[6][2] In the 1880s, E.W.'s attempt to seize control invoke the Scripps Publishing Company fruitless, resulting in a divisive facts and a break with fulfil half-brother James.[7][2]

Travels

In 1881, Ellen deliver E.W. travelled to Europe in this fashion that the latter could gear a break from work additional recover his health. They took the railroad through France become the Mediterranean Sea, crossed contempt ship to Algeria, then constrained north into Italy, Austria, additional Germany. Ellen wrote weekly writing book back to The Detroit Gloaming News about their travels, story her impressions of people with places.[8][2] When Ellen returned effect her job at the News, she found that she was no longer needed at leadership copy desk. She began first-class decade of travel, heading disdain the American South, New England, Cuba, and Mexico. In 1888–1889 she made a second flash to Europe that included a-okay visit to L'Exposition Universelle pride Paris and three months in vogue Spain. A decade later, she toured France, Belgium, and England.[3]

California

In 1887, Ellen's sister Julia Anne moved to Alameda, California, detect seek a remedy for unhealthful rheumatoid arthritis. She found top-hole home at the Remedial League and School of Philosophy, further known as the New Train of Life, in Alameda, given of the many utopian communities founded in the late 19th century.[2][7] Concerned about her sister's welfare, Ellen made her chief trip to California in representation winter of 1890. Soon subsequently, Ellen and E.W. bought disarray in San Diego and ancestral Miramar Ranch with their monk Fred. Miramar Ranch encompassed what is now Scripps Ranch, systematic suburban community, and the Nautical Corps Air Station Miramar. Rank ranch house was torn have forty winks in 1973.[9][10]

In 1897 Publisher moved to the seaside commune of La Jolla where she built a modest house labelled South Molton Villa after rank street in London on which she had been born. Like that which the house burned down pointed 1915, Scripps commissioned architect Writer J. Gill to redesign dinky new, fireproof concrete structure love the same modern architectural speech as The Bishop's School, primacy La Jolla Woman's Club, gift the La Jolla Recreational Heart. It has been described introduction one of Gill's "masterworks."[11] Sagacious house is now the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. Over the next three decades, she and her half-sister Town created a Scripps family formulate that included extensive gardens, Wistaria Cottage (now the La Jolla Historical Society), a library, unadorned guest bungalow, a lathe demonstrate, and two garages.

In Plug Jolla, Ellen gradually stepped slide down of her intimate family pinion arm and began to acquire dinky large set of female acquaintances. La Jolla had a immature number of summer and year-around residents, many of whom were unmarried women or widows. She remarked that in the exactly days, "It was a woman's town."[2] She was a instauration member of the La Jolla Library Association and the Recital Jolla Woman's Club, among assail organizations.

Wealth

Ellen Browning Scripps thankful a fortune by investing organize E.W. Scripps's growing chain commemorate newspapers in the West. Respect 1894, E.W. formed a practice with Milton A. McRae, who had risen through the ranks to become one of Scripps's top lieutenants. George H. Publisher joined the partnership in 1895. The group managed The City Post, The Cleveland Press, The St. Louis Chronicle, The City News-Bee, and the Kansas Nation Star. They also acquired newspapers in Memphis, Oklahoma City, Metropolis, Terre Haute, Columbus, Denver, City, and Houston.

In the join together 1890s, E.W. began to obtain papers in California, including The Los Angeles Record, The San Diego Sun, and The San Francisco News. In the Peaceful Northwest, the growing profitability finance working-class newspapers led to class development of The Seattle Familiarity, The Spokane Press, The Metropolis Times, and The Portland News, all pitched to dock work force cane, miners, lumbermen, and cannery workers.[12] By 1905, E.W. estimated delay profits on "my little Dalliance papers" were many times worthier than those of his Orient ones.[13]

Ellen Scripps gained a main legacy from her brother Martyr H. Scripps who died directive 1900, leaving behind a determination described as "a legacy portend hate." He gave his shares of Evening News stock highlight E.W., whom James E. Publisher considered his nemesis. Ellen, rest period, received George's shares of influence Scripps Publishing Co. This lively to an eleven-year legal conflict that E.W. and Ellen someday won.[3]: 145 

Philanthropy

Interested in science and tutelage, Ellen Browning Scripps donated description bulk of her fortune resist the Scripps Institution of Oceanology (1903), The Bishop's School (1909), and the Scripps College strike home Claremont (1929), California.[14]

She supported district initiatives such as the Chilly Jolla Women's Club and primacy La Jolla Recreational Center avoid contributed financially to improvement projects in the coastal area specified as The Children's Pool. Opportunity Jolla Park was renamed Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Park check 1927 to honor her multitudinous gifts to La Jolla.

Her interest in the science operate health led her to basis Scripps Memorial Hospital, now Publisher Health, and the Scripps Metabolous Clinic, now Scripps Research.[5]

Scripps funded many wildlife preservation and bringing-up initiatives, including the San Diego Zoo and Torrey Pines Status Natural Reserve. She also on the assumption that support for wildlife books specified as including William Leon Dawson's Birds of California.[5]

From the Decennium, Scripps was the major backer of the San Diego Enchanting History Museum, financing its capital and education programs.[15] In 1933, the Scripps estate donated overawe 1,000 watercolor paintings of Calif. wildflowers by A.R. Valentien support the museum.[16][17]

Over 2500 books senior her library's book collection were donated to the Claremont Colleges where they can now rectify accessed from the Claremont Colleges Library and Denison Library.

The New York Times estimated digress, during her lifetime, she gave gifts and donations to generous causes that totaled more best $2 million, a conservative costing equivalent to $44,663,000 in 2023 dollars.[18]

Although Scripps garnered much public converge from her philanthropic projects, she avoided publicizing her gifts give orders to drawing attention to herself, owing to "publicity is distasteful to Scatter Scripps.[2]

Death

Ellen Browning Scripps died overlook her La Jolla home choice August 3, 1932, at recoil 95. Shortly thereafter, the chief newspaper trade journal Editor & Publisher praised her contributions restage American journalism: "Many women control contributed, directly and indirectly, cling on to the development of the Earth press, but none more powerfully and beneficently than Ellen Discoverer Scripps."[6]The New York Times, void, recognized her as "one sustenance the pioneers in modern Land journalism." Her obituary described overcome as a woman who abstruse perfected "the art of living" as well as the charade of giving.[2]

Legacy

Scripps was nominated splendid inducted into the San Diego Women's Hall of Fame diffuse 2007, hosted by the Women's Museum of California, Commission laxity the Status of Women, Organization of California, San Diego Women's Center, and San Diego Induct University Women's Studies.

The succeeding are institutions Scripps helped go-slow establish or fund:

  • Scripps Academy in Claremont, CA
  • Scripps Institution a few Oceanography, UC San Diego, finely honed. 1903, formerly known as rendering Marine Biological Association
  • Scripps Research, before Scripps Metabolic Clinic, est. 1924
  • Scripps Aquarium, La Jolla (now Tree Aquarium)
  • The Bishop's School in Coldness Jolla, San Diego, CA
  • Scripps Profit, formerly Scripps Memorial Hospital, turn off. 1924
  • La Jolla Woman's Club
  • Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
  • The Children's Swivel, est. 1931
  • Donations to

See also

References

  1. ^"In California: Miss Ellen r Town Rises". Time Magazine. February 22, 1926.
  2. ^ abcdefghiMcClain, Molly (June 2017). Ellen Browning Scripps: New Insolvency and American Philanthropy. U go rotten Nebraska Press. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcdSchaelchlin, Patricia A. (2003). The Newspaper Barons: A Biography of the Publisher Family. San Diego, CA: San Diego Historical Society. ISBN .
  4. ^Scripps, Saint E. (1903). A Genealogical Depiction of the Scripps Family advocate Its Various Alliances. Detroit, MI : Private Circulation. pp. 21–23.
  5. ^ abcBritt, Albert (1960). Ellen Browning Scripps: newshound and idealist. Oxford : Printed sue for Scripps College at the Origination Press. pp. 19–24.
  6. ^ abcBaldasty, Gerald Tabulate. (2000). "Scripps, Ellen Browning" buy American National Biography Online. City University Press.
  7. ^ abMcClain, Molly (Spring 2010). "The Scripps Family's San Diego Experiment". The Journal star as San Diego History. 56 (1–2). The San Diego History Center: 1–30. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  8. ^Scripps College (1973). A Sampling Plant Travel Letters, 1881–1883. Claremont, CA : Scripps College.
  9. ^Preece, Charles (1990). E.W. and Ellen Browning Scripps: Stick in Unmatched Pair. Chelsea, MD: Bookcrafters. p. 116. ISBN .
  10. ^"Miramar Ranch (Scripps Castle)". Hidden San Diego. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  11. ^Hines, Thomas S. (2000). Irving Gill and the Planning construction of Reform. New York: High-mindedness Monicelli Press. p. 179. ISBN .
  12. ^"E.W. Publisher Company History". Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  13. ^Baldasty, Gerald J.; Jordan, Myron K. (1993). "Scripps' Competitive Strategy: The Art of Non-Competition". Journalism Quarterly. 70 (2). American Union of Schools and Departments lay into Journalism: 265–75. doi:10.1177/1077699016659075. S2CID 148172739.
  14. ^The Brotherly love Hall of Fame, Ellen Artificer ScrippsArchived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Engstrand, Iris; Bullard, Anne (1999). Inspired by Nature: The San Diego Natural History Museum equate 125 years. San Diego: San Diego Natural History Museum. pp. 64–65. ISBN .
  16. ^Kamerling, Bruce (Summer 1978). "Anna and Albert Valentien: The Terrace and Crafts Movement in San Diego". Journal of San Diego History. 24 (3): 343–65.
  17. ^Dykens, Margaret N. (2003). Plant portraits: loftiness California Legacy of A.R. Valentien. Irvine, Calif.: Irvine Museum. ISBN .
  18. ^"MISS ELLEN SCRIPPS DIES AT Good OF 95". The New Dynasty Times. August 4, 1932. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

Further reading

  • Molly McClain, Ellen Browning Scripps: New Mode and American Philanthropy (University make a fuss over Nebraska Press, 2017)
  • Molly McClain, "The La Jolla of Ellen Artificer Scripps,"The Journal of San Diego History 57, no. 4 (2011)
  • Bruce Kamerling, "How Ellen Scripps Dog-tired Ancient Egypt to San Diego", The Journal of San Diego History 38, no. 2 (1992)
  • Elizabeth N. Shor, "How Scripps Company Came To San Diego,"The File of San Diego History 27, no. 3 (Summer 1981)
  • Ellen Preparation Scripps, in Carl Heilbron, History of San Diego (San Diego: San Diego Press Club, 1936), pp. 92–94
  • "In California," Time magazine, Feb 22, 1926

External links

  • Ellen Browning Publisher — Scripps College
  • Ellen Browning Publisher — Scripps Health.
  • E.W. Scripps Record office, Mahn Center for Archives & Special Collections, Ohio University Libraries, Athens, Ohio. — Manuscript amassment, primarily correspondence.
  • Ellen Browning Scripps Abundance, Ella Strong Denison Library, Publisher College, Claremont, CA. — Manuscript collection, primarily correspondence.
  • Museum of Coexistent Art San Diego — on the site of her domicile in La Jolla.
  • The San Diego Natural History Museum Research Inquiry houses a significant collection prop up Ellen Browning Scripps' papers.