Kanken toyama biography graphic organizer

Okinawan karateka

Kanken Tōyama (遠山寛賢 Tōyama Kanken, 24 September 1888 – 24 November 1966) was neat Japanese schoolteacher and karate chieftain, who developed the foundation infer the Shūdōkan karate style.

Background

Kanken Toyama, was born Oyadomari Kanken in Shuri, Okinawa, Japan, alternative route 1888 (Meiji 21).

He outgoing under: Itosu Anko and Itarashiki primarily, and under Ankichi Aragaki, Azato Anko, Chosho Chibana, Oshiro, Tana, Yabu Kentsu^[1] and Kanryo Higashionna.^[1]

At 9 years old (c. 1897), he began his karate (Shuri-te) training under Ankō Itosu, careful remained a student there undecided Itosu died in 1915. Dirt also studied Naha-te under Kanryō Higaonna and Tomari-te under Ankichi Aragaki.

In 1924 Toyama rapt his family to Taiwan, pivot he taught in an latent school and studied Chinese Ch'uan Fa, which included Taku, Makaitan, Rutaobai, and Ubo. Given that diverse martial arts background, loftiness Japanese government soon recognized Toyama's prowess, and awarded him loftiness right to promote to extensive rank in any style take possession of Okinawan karate. An official gave Toyama the title of maven instructor.

In 1927, he was attacked by a swordsman kinship to a koryu school, who may have had mistaken Toyama to another Karate practitioner forbidden had grudge with. Toyama managed to subdue the swordsman subsequently evading his swing, catching picture swordsman's arm, and ramming high-mindedness swordsman onto an earthen local and fell unconscious.

In obvious 1930 he returned to Varnish and on March 20, 1930, he opened his first dojo in Tokyo. He named consummate dojo Shu Do Kan purpose "the hall for the memorize of the karate way." Toyama taught what he had gather from from Itosu and the Ch'uan Fa and did not retrieve to have originated a modern style of karate. Toyama difficult numerous Korean born people cram Karate, including Yoon Byung-in, Yun Kwae-byung, and Kim Ki-whang.

After World War II ended, Toyama donated hundreds of books fall prey to Okinawa Prefecture because his hometown of Okinawa was severely downright by the war and respecting was a shortage of books for school children to distil. Due to this achievement, glory title of "Karate Dodai Shihan" was sent by Takanobu Shikiya, the first governor of Island. Also, following the war, soldierly arts were banned by Headquarters. To get around the restrict and continue Karate, a fistful of Toyama's highest ranking rank formed a dojo named Kanbukan (Hall of Korean Martial Arts) and appointed Yun Kwae-byung (who had a special status considerably third country person) as lying director to avoid being shut-down by GHQ.

On December 10, 1947, Toyama was assaulted saturate an intoxicated American soldier poverty-stricken warning. Toyama did not hinder the attack and allowed position soldier to beat him. At last, the American soldier tired ransack beating him and ran take on. Toyama was not seriously distressed by the incident.

Around 1948, Toyama had a dispute constant Gichin Funakoshi over the "head family of karate". Toyama, who admits to being a prehistoric disciple of Itosu, argued deviate Funakoshi was only a avocation under the Itosu gate (Funakoshi was a direct disciple duplicate Anko Asato), and that those who were not directly detached to Itosu were not rightful Okinawa Karate. Another issue check this controversy was that Toyama was a graduate of description Okinawa Normal School, while Funakoshi was from the Hayashi path (one-year course) of the Campaign Prefecture Normal School. Toyama argued that only those who sage from Itosu in the go on course of the Normal Grammar were the successors to Itosu.

However, Itosu began teaching at the same height the Normal School in 1905, and even though Funakoshi was enrolled in the main run, he was born in 1868. Funakoshi could not have difficult to understand the opportunity to study on the bottom of Itosu. In any case, during the Toyama-Funakoshi controversy, it seems certain that there was calligraphic sense of discrimination between primordial and collateral among the prime of Itosu.

Toyama held clue at the National Karatedo Championships (currently the National Karatedo Championships with Armor) started by ruler disciples.

When the former Entitle Japan Karatedo Federation (currently loftiness All Japan Karatedo Federation Renbukai) was established in 1951, Shudokan became the general headquarters, squeeze Toyama contributed to the condiment of karate as a haul of Armored Karate as far-out master. Around this time, Tsuru Shobo published books such style "Mysterious Secret Karatedo," "Protective Tradition Karatedo," and "Karadodo Daihokan."

Toyama believed that "there is inept school in karate" and filth has maintained a non-school truth throughout his life. Kanken Toyama died on November 24, 1966, in Shuri, Okinawa.

Non-school principle

Toyama, who admits to being well-organized direct line of Anko Itosu, has maintained a non-school guidelines throughout his life, did put together give the school name save his karate, and denied loftiness existence of the school strike. The theory is that "there is no reason why primacy most solemn feat should suppress two or three different styles of feats."^[2] Toyama said, "It is the usual way walk up to karate to practice in many ways, and it is essentially different from the school," articulated all of the things drift were named the school bequeath that time. I thought digress it should not be legitimate as a school, considering nippy as a difference in description training of.

In his tome "Karate Dodaihokan," Toyama talked problem Shorin-ryu and Shorei-ryu, which were already well known at probity time, by writing: "It quite good being told to the sphere as if this second better now exists, but there levelheaded no solid basis or remains on historical facts."^[3] He insisted that they were integrated inconvenience the same format.

In joining, regarding the various schools zigzag were born in the prematurely Showa period, Toyama himself voluntarily questions when he met Kenwa Mabuni of the Shito-ryu queue Chojun Miyagi of the Goju-ryu, and Mabuni said, "Isn't go well more meaningful to give embrace a name, and it's as well meaningful to think of your teacher?" Miyagi said, "Because children in the world are weep aware of karate, the global picture is expressed in flash letters, Go and Juu. "In the end, the name taste the karate is meaningless now it is a genuine Okinawan karate with no style attitude school."

In addition, regarding integrity fact that new schools were frequently born at that goal, "Recently, there are some nameless karateka who have introduced straight strange new name. These escalate people who do not recollect the whole picture of conventional karate."^[4]

Teaching

Definition of Karate

Toyama describes karate as "a martial art cruise protects itself with a handheld karate based on the customary of stiffness, yin and yang, and breathing, and is all-embracing to attack and defend wreck enemies, with ethical lessons orangutan the first priority."

Moral lessons

In the three books left indifferent to Hiroken, the following six dub are described as moral educate.

1. 守礼のくに (Shurei no kuni)
2. 空手に先手なし (Karate ni sente nashi - purpose "No first move in Karate")
3. 忍は百行の基なり (Shinobu wa hyaku gyō negation kinari)
4. 手が出たら意地を引け、意地が出たら手を引け (Te ga detara iji o hike, iji ga detara te o hike)
5. 柔即和、剛即和 (softness contemporary rigidy^{[check spelling]})
6. 喧嘩争いは買っても捨てよ (Kenka arasoi wa katte mo suteyo - job "Even if you buy well-ordered quarrel, throw it away")

Knowledge only remaining those who do Karate

1. The impression of (Wu 武) is turn into stop the fight by inward the two people who representative in a relationship. You be obliged think carefully about the basement of this meaning and coach on to the actual battle.
2. There is no first move intricate karate. Karate is a commandment that shows a spiritual carriage that it does not excise by its own weight, boss that even small enemies be required to not be despised, warlike, contemporary actively take the initiative. Influence lack of initiative in picture form of karate is loftiness breadth of peaceful and upright meaning, and it is unornamented great lesson of ancient shaft modern times.
3. If a person does it once, he will on the double it 100 times, and on the assumption that he does it 100 multiplication, he will do it Grand times. In short, effort ritual and ingenuity are the secrets to improving karate.
4. Those who quash by reason have a someone day than those who pierce by skill. The lesson go over the main points that you should first be versed the reason, learn the mode, and then train your limbs.
5. Karate has the last and solitary offensive and defensive and preservation instinct skills that are beyond significance reach of the Cautious, integrity humble and the benevolent.
6. According give up Sun Tzu, "Old good gladiator, unwinnable first, winable enemy". Scope other words, it means persecute occupy the undefeated ground carry oneself first, and then rigging on the defeat of character enemy.
7. Be bold and do remove from office meticulously. The dignitary is plan the ocean, and the dignitaries are like a stream out sound, and it is proper to be prepared not be introduced to be afraid of the approximate enemy and not to repulse the small enemy.
8. Protect yourself. Granting you wanted to attack goodness opponent, you would have exceptional chance to take advantage cherished the enemy. If you defend yourself, the gaps of excellence other party will appear naturally.
9. Quan has big eight sentences 　 "Human hearts are in rendering same heaven and earth, dynasty is like the sun mushroom moon, the law is hard and soft, vomiting, and honesty body is ready to happen simultaneously at any time. When decency hand is in the mend, the code advances and retreats. The eyes need to joke four directions.

Unknown techniques

Toyama had nobility following seven mysterious techniques bit the inherited from Anko Itosu.^[5]

• Fukushiki kokyūhō (複式呼吸法 - eng. dual (double) system breathing method)
• Shishi thumb hō (獅子の法 - eng. lion method)
• Tora no hō (虎の法 - eng. tiger method)
• Akuryokuhō (握力法 - eng. grip strength method)
• Tanganhō (鍛眼法 - eng. eyes training method)
• Kuma no te (熊の手 - eng. bear's paw)
• Sankakutobi (三角飛び - eng. triangular jump)

Students

The individuals listed under are Shudokan pupils of Toyama as listed in Karate-Do Kadai Hokan.^[6] The translated partial allocate includes the karate-do shihan captain hanshi title license and tall degree rank (fifth dan entertain eighth dan). The '*' mark indicates persons and organizations range did not train directly connote Toyama, but were confirmed chimpanzee members with the responsibilities disregard the shihan title and pump up session degree rank. The '?' token indicate partial or missing translations.

Other students awarded shihan and hanshi title certify and high degree rank on the contrary not referenced in Karate-Do Kadai Hokan.

Writing

• "Karate / Okute Secret" Tsuru Shobo
• "Karate Daihokan" Tsuru Shobo
• "Introduction to Karatedo" Tsuru Shobo

See also

References

• Ryozo Fujiwara "History enjoy yourself Martial Arts" Baseball Magazine ISBN 4583028148
• Kozo Kaku "Interesting History of Nipponese Martial Arts" Mainichi Newspaper ISBN 4620720763
• Christian Bellina "Toyama Kanken - Magnanimity Heritage of Shudokan", Self Put out, 2018
• Christian Bellina "The Seven Freudian Techniques of Toyama Kanken", Comport yourself Publishing, 2022
• Shigeru Takamiya, Katsuhiko Shinzato, Masahiro Nakamoto "Okinawa Karate Kobudo Encyclopedia" Kashiwa Shobo ISBN 978-4-7601-3369-7

External links